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Acetaminophen Overdose and Liver Injury
Acetaminophen is an over-the-counter pain reliever and fever reducer. It is one of the most commonly used drugs for pain and fever in the United States. People often think that it is extremely safe since it is available over-the-counter. However, exceeding the maximum recommended dose of acetaminophen can cause serious liver injury and possibly death. Acetaminophen overdose is the most common cause of acute liver injury, with half of the cases being accidental.
What is the maximum dose of acetaminophen I can take in one day?
Currently, Adults should not take more than 4000 mg of acetaminophen a day. The FDA is currently considering lowering the maximum recommended dose of acetaminophen to further protect consumers.
Which products contain acetaminophen?
There are over 600 products, both prescription and over-the-counter, on the market that contain acetaminophen. Tylenol is the most common brand name for acetaminophen. Other medications available over-the-counter that may include acetaminophen are (this list is not comprehensive):
- Fever reducing medications
- Cold, cough, and flu medications
- Sleep aids
- Migraine medications
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How does acetaminophen cause liver injury?
The liver is responsible for breaking down many chemicals and drugs that we ingest. If we take too much acetaminophen, our livers become overloaded and can no longer process the drug safely. In this case, more of the toxic bi-product is produced than the body can eliminate, and liver damage occurs. Some individuals can be at higher risk for liver injury. Those at higher risk include those who use alcohol and those who have liver disease.
What are the symptoms of acetaminophen overdose?
Abdominal pain, appetite loss, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, irritability, convulsions, and coma.
How can I avoid overdosing?
To avoid accidental overdose of acetaminophen, do not take more than the maximum daily recommended dose, which is 4000 mg ( or eight 500mg tablets). Also, avoid taking more than one product that contains acetaminophen as one of its active ingredients. To determine whether or not an over-the-counter medication contains acetaminophen, look on the container for a box labeled 'Drug Facts.' Below that, the 'Active Ingredients' will be listed, and 'acetaminophen' will be listed if it is present in the medication. Do not take acetaminophen containing products for longer than recommended. It is important to understand that taking more than the
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daily recommended dose of acetaminophen will not cause further relief.
What do I do if I suspect that I or someone else has accidentally overdosed on acetaminophen?
Call 911 or the Poison Control Center and they will advise you what to do next. If the person suspected of acetaminophen overdose is unconscious, semiconscious, or not breathing, call 911 immediately.
Important Phone Numbers:
Emergency Contact: 911
National Poison Control Center: 1-800-222-1222
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